In 1984, the highly interventionist New Zealand economy was struggling. Between 1974 and 1984, inflation was 11-17% (dropping to 7% in 1983 after wage and price freezes), the deficit was 3-9% of GDP, and real GDP growth averaged 1% per year. In 1984, unemployment was at a historic high of 5%, and there was an imminent foreign exchange crisis.

‘Rogernomics’ refers to the sweeping free-market reforms enacted by the new government elected in 1984. By 1987, government spending had decreased from 44% to 37% of GDP, the highest rate of income tax was cut from 66% to 33%, corporate tax was cut from 45% to 33%, a goods and services tax of 10% was introduced, generous agricultural and industrial subsidies were removed, the New Zealand Dollar was devalued then floated, import licences were abolished and tariffs cut, and many state-owned enterprises were privatised.

Customary authorities (e.g. chiefs, traditional rulers) are indigenous leaders whose power and legitimacy comes from tradition and cultural norms as opposed to modern state law. Customary authorities may adjudicate disputes, manage land and communal resources, and preserve cultural practices.

In recent years, customary authorities have exercised greater influence over the political affairs of many African countries. This has included commenting on political issues, mobilising voters, and gaining formal powers such as reserved seats in parliaments and integration into local governance.

Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country in the Western Balkans. The major ethnic groups are Bosniaks (50% of the population), Serbs (35%), and Croats (15%).

Bosnia and Herzegovina’s political structure was decided by the 1995 Dayton Peace Agreement, which ended the Bosnian War. Most competencies rest with two autonomous subnational entities: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (mainly Bosniaks and Croats), and Republika Srpska (mainly Serbs).

Neo-realist cinema focuses on stories of ordinary people and their everyday lives. Neo-realism also prioritises authenticity, often with loose structure and observational storytelling, over highly stylised narratives. Neo-realist film is usually low-budget and shot on location with non-professional actors, using natural light and sound.

Examples of neo-realist cinema include:
- Bicycle Thieves (1948), which follows a poor father in post-World War II Rome searching for his stolen bicycle; 
- The Apu Trilogy (1955-1959), a coming of age story of a poor boy in rural Bengal; and 
- Nomadland (2020), which follows a widow drifting around the United States in her van.